Adam Oudad

Adam Oudad

(Machine) Learning log.

2 minutes read

Bring or take confusion

I was reading this article on marca.com, when I came upon this sentence in spanish.

Por el momento no hay nada oficial pero varios equipos son los que llevan tiempo pujando por hacerse con sus servicios.

Which made me remember how much I am lost whenever llevar comes out. Should I think "bring" ? "take" ? It bugged me enough to search the internet and find this stackexchange thread. And I realized that I also have confusions in pretty much all languages I can speak. So let me drop a list of correspondances.

Languages
English take bring
Español llevar traer
Français prendre / emporter / emmener amener / apporter
日本語 (japanese) 持って行く 持って来る
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵅⵜ (berber) ⴰⵡⵓⴷ (awid) ⵖⵓⵉ (ghoui)

When I say "please take this with you", to take can be decomposed in the following "equation". to take = to carry + to go. Same with "please bring this", with to bring = to carry + to come.

Japanese has a pretty nice way of expressing the nuance, by using the て form, it clearly demonstrates the above equation we have in English. In spanish

Animate or inanimate ?

Most languages I listed do not care whether we are talking about a cat or baseball bat. This is not the case for French and Japanese. In French, you have this choice of saying amener or apporter. Amener can also refer to living things, while apporter only refer to inanimate objects. Therefore, amener is close to Japanese's 連れて来る while apporter is closer to 持って来る. In Japanese, we have a clear distinction between the two verbs 連れる and 持つ, respectively used for animate and inanimate things. Prendre and emporter refer to inanimate things, while emmener is used also with animated things.

Take Bring
Animate Inanimate Animate Inanimate
連れて行く 持って行く 連れて来る 持って来る
Emmener Emporter/prendre Amener Apporter
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